Castle of San Angelo

General Information

The Castel Sant’Angelo (also known as the Mausoleum of Hadrian) is a historic fortress in Rome, Italy, located along the banks of the Tiber River. It has a rich history, serving various purposes over the centuries, from a mausoleum to a fortress, a papal residence, and now a museum.

Here are some key details about the Castel Sant’Angelo:

1. History and Origins:

• The castle was originally built as a mausoleum for the Roman Emperor Hadrian and his family in 135 AD. The structure was designed by the architect Antonio di Zeno and was later expanded by succeeding emperors.
• The mausoleum was converted into a fortress in the 5th century, and by the 9th century, it became a refuge for the Pope. Over time, it evolved into a stronghold with defensive walls and battlements.

2. Architectural Features:

• The Castel Sant’Angelo is a circular building with a central core surrounded by a defensive wall. It is topped with a statue of the Archangel Michael, from which it gets its name.
• The structure is made of brick, concrete, and marble, with a prominent cylindrical shape that tapers upwards.
• Visitors can enjoy panoramic views of Rome from the top of the castle, especially from the terrace, which is a highlight for many tourists.

3. The Papal Connection:

• In the Middle Ages, the Castel Sant’Angelo became a key stronghold for the Popes. It was connected to St. Peter’s Basilica via a secret passageway called the Passetto di Borgo. This allowed the Pope to escape in case of danger.
• The castle was used as a residence by several popes, especially during times of political turmoil.

4. Museo Nazionale di Castel Sant’Angelo:

• Today, the castle is a museum, known as the National Museum of Castel Sant’Angelo. The museum houses a collection of sculptures, paintings, military memorabilia, and artifacts that reflect the building’s multifaceted history.

5. Significance in Art and Culture:

• The Castel Sant’Angelo has inspired various works of art, literature, and even films. It is mentioned in works by writers like Goethe and John Keats. It is also featured in Dan Brown’s novel Angels & Demons, where it plays a significant role in the plot.

6. Visiting the Castel Sant’Angelo:

• Visitors can explore the museum’s various exhibits, stroll through its ramparts, and enjoy beautiful views of the city, including St. Peter’s Basilica, the Vatican, and the Tiber River.
• The castle is located in the heart of Rome, close to the Vatican and other historic landmarks like the Piazza Navona.

Overall, the Castel Sant’Angelo is an iconic landmark that combines the richness of Roman imperial history with the fascinating story of the Catholic Church and the papacy.